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The alkalinity of water refers to the content of substances in water that can accept the neutralization reaction between H + ions and strong acids.

The substances that produce alkalinity in water mainly include: the alkalinity of carbonate produced by carbonate. The alkalinity of bicarbonate produced by bicarbonate. The alkalinity of hydroxide produced by the presence of hydroxide and the hydrolysis of strong alkali and weak acid salt. Therefore, alkalinity is the sum of CO32 -, HCO3 -, oh - and some other weak acid salts in water.

When phenolphthalein is used as indicator, the end point of titration is ph8.2 ~ 8.4, which is called phenolphthalein alkalinity or P alkalinity. At this time, all hydroxides in the water are added, and the carbonate is transformed into bicarbonate, that is, half of the carbonate is neutralized. That is, P = alkalinity 1 / 2 CO32 - + all oh -.

When methyl orange is used as indicator, the end point pH of titration is 4.3 ~ 4.5, which is called methyl orange alkalinity (M alkalinity). This means that all hydroxides, carbonates and bicarbonates in the water are neutralized. What is measured is the sum of various weak acid salts in the water, so it is also called total alkalinity. That is, m alkalinity = all HCO3 - + all CO32 - + all oh -.

If there is oh alkalinity alone in the water, the pH of the water is > 11; When oh - and CO32 - exist in water at the same time, pH 9.4 ~ 11.0; If only CO32 - exists in water, pH = 9.4; When CO32 - and HCO3 - exist together, pH is 8.3 ~ 9.4; In the presence of single HCO3 -, pH = 8.3; However, when pH < 8.3, only HCO3 - exists in the alkalinity of water.

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